Penguins

(Slack et al. 2006)

(Jenouvrier et al. 2009)

(Fraser et al. 1992)

References

Fraser, WilliamR., WayneZ. Trivelpiece, DavidG. Ainley, and SusanG. Trivelpiece. 1992. “Increases in Antarctic Penguin Populations: Reduced Competition with Whales or a Loss of Sea Ice Due to Environmental Warming?” Polar Biology 11 (8). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00237945.

Jenouvrier, Stéphanie, Hal Caswell, Christophe Barbraud, Marika Holland, Julienne Strœve, and Henri Weimerskirch. 2009. “Demographic Models and IPCC Climate Projections Predict the Decline of an Emperor Penguin Population.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (6): 1844–47. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806638106.

Slack, Kerryn E., Craig M. Jones, Tatsuro Ando, G. L.(Abby) Harrison, R. Ewan Fordyce, Ulfur Arnason, and David Penny. 2006. “Early Penguin Fossils, Plus Mitochondrial Genomes, Calibrate Avian Evolution.” Molecular Biology and Evolution 23 (6): 1144–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj124.